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Performance-based contracting (PBC) is frequently used for implementing environmental cleanup work at federal facilities under the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP). The Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials (ASTSWMO) has produced two white papers on the subject: “Performance Based Remediation Contracts and Compendium of State Lessons Learned – A Guide to Performance Based Environmental Remediation, November 2004,” and “State Perspectives on the Use of Performance-Based Contracting at Federal Facilities Cleanups, August 2010.” Both papers provide recommendations for improving the PBC process.